The spinal column consists of 33 vertebrae that provide essential support for the body, enabling upright posture, bending, and twisting, all while safeguarding the spinal cord from harm.
Nerves from the spinal cord extend from the brain along the back, comprising 31 pairs that branch out to the arms, legs, chest, and abdomen. These nerves transmit signals to the brain to control muscle movement in the arms and legs. In the lower section of the spinal cord, these nerves govern the arms, legs, heart, lungs, bowels, and bladder, influencing heart rate and breathing speed.
Enclosed within the neck and back bones known as vertebrae, the spinal canal is protected. The vertebrae, categorized into 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, and 5 lumbar vertebrae, shield the spinal cord from potential injury.
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